Understanding motivation for adult learners -- Understanding how aging and culture affect motivation to learn -- Characteristics and skills of a motivating instructor : the five pillars -- What motivates adults to learn -- Encouraging motivation in online formats -- Establishing inclusion among adult learners -- Helping adults develop positive attitudes toward learning -- Enhancing meaning in learning activities -- Engendering competence among adult learners -- Building motivational strategies into instructional designs -- Epilogue : ethical considerations for an instructor of adults.