This volume examines the ethical issues generated by recent developments in intelligence collection and offers a comprehensive analysis of the key legal, moral and social questions thereby raised. Intelligence officers, whether gatherers, analysts or some combination thereof, are operating in a sea of social, political, scientific and technological change. This book examines the new challenges faced by the intelligence community as a result of these changes. It looks not only at how governments employ spies as a tool of state and how the ultimate outcomes are judged by their societies, but also at the mind-set of the spy. In so doing, this volume casts a rare light on an often ignored dimension of spying: the essential role of truth and how it is defined in an intelligence context. This book offers some insights into the workings of the intelligence community and aims to provide the first comprehensive and unifying analysis of the relevant moral, legal and social questions, with a view toward developing policy that may influence real-world decision making.

Introduction / Jai Galliott and Warren Reed -- pt. I. The moral case for spying : The virtues of Bond and vices of Bauer : an Aristotelian defence of espionage / Mark Jansen -- The limits of intelligence gathering : Gianni Vattimo and the need to monitor 'violent' thinkers / Matthew Harris -- The epistemology of intelligence ethics / ALexander Fatic ; pt. II. Interrogation, torture and terrorism : The human costs of torture / Matthew Beard -- The implications of spying and torture for human freedom from a Sartrean point of view / Martine Berenpas -- Prediction markets as an alternative to one more spy / Dan Weijers ; pt. III. Spying as war : classificatory problems -- Persons, personhood and proportionality : building on a just war approach to intelligence ethics / Kevin Macnish -- Just war, cyberwar and cyber-espionage / Metthew Beard -- A dilemma for indiscriminate pre-emtive spying / Nicolas Tavaglione -- The morality of unconventional force / Thomas Simpson ; pt. IV. Remote surveillance and killing : I, spy robot : the ethics of robots in national intelligence activities / Patrick Lin and Shannon Ford -- Emerging technologies, asymmetric force and terrorist blowback / Jai Galliott -- Targeting thresholds : the impact of intelligence capability on ethical requirements for high-value targeting operations / John Hardy ; pt. V. Leaks and secrets : The NSA leaks, Edward Snowden, and the ethics and accountability of intelligence collection / Seumas Miller and Patrick Walsh -- Wikileaks and whistleblowing : privacy and consent in an age of digital surveillance / Jeremy Wisnewski ; pt. VI. Responsibility and governance : Ethics for intelligence officers / Michael Falgoust and Brian Roux -- 'Due care' or a 'duty to care'? Codes of ethics in intelligence gathering / Jill Hernandez -- Conclusion : a spy's perspective / Warren Reed.