Part I : Foreign policy tools and democracy promotion : Understanding the domestic and international sources of democratization : an introduction / Dursun Peksen and Katherine D. Comer -- Funding freedom? The United States and democracy aid, 1988-2001 / James M. Scott -- Economic sanctions and international democracy promotion / Dursun Peksen and A. Cooper Drury -- Soft power and the question of democratization / Frederic S. Pearson and Marie Olson Lounsbery ; Part II : Nonstate actors and democracy promotion : The International Monetary Fund and the prospects for democracy in the developing world / Stephen Nelson and Geoffrey Wallace -- The European Union membership and democracy promotion : the case of Turkey / Cigdem Kentmen -- Transnational NGO activism outside of democracies : the behavior and effect of human rights INGOs on political repression and democracy / Amanda M. Murdie -- The United Nations and democracy promotion : assessing the effectiveness of the United Nations' Democracy Fund and Electoral Assistance Division / Rollin F. Tusalem -- Concluding remarks: Determining how best to promote democracy using foreign policy tools / Dursun Peksen.