Introduction / Stuart A. Cohen -- pt. 1. Continuities and their manifestations -- The enduring citizen-soldier tradition in the United States / Ronald R. Krebs -- Recruiting the all-volunteer force : continuity and change in the British Army, 1963-2008 / Christopher Dandeker -- The Royal Netherlands Army, 1814-2008 : the rise and decline of a citizen army? / Jan Hoffenaar -- Reversing the tide of Jewish history : culture and the creation of Israel's "people's army" / Stuart A. Cohen -- pt. 2. Change : causes and constraints -- Operational and technological incentives and disincentives for force transformation / Avi Kober -- Strategic and political factors preventing the shift from "citizen armies" to professional militaries / Gabriel Sheffer and Oren Barak -- Gender issues in the transformation to an all-volunteer force : a transnational perspective / Michelle Sandhoff, Mady Wechsler Segal, David R. Segal -- Conscription versus recruitment through markets : economic considerations / Yaacov Lifshitz -- The officer corps in the all-volunteer army : the American experiment continues / Leonard Wong -- Up from the ashes : the re-professionalization of the Canadian forces after the "Somalia" affair / David J. Bercuson -- pt. 3. Israeli dilemmas and experiences -- Where will the women be? : gendered implications of the decline of Israel's citizen army / Orna Sasson-Levy -- From the "citizen army" to the "market army" : Israel as a case study / Yagil Levy -- Teaching citizens to be professional soldiers : IDF responses and their implications / Tamir Libel.