The need for a microfoundational theory of ethnicity -- A relational theory: ethnicity is about uncertainty, whereas ethnic politics is about interests -- A theory of national separatism in domestic and interstate politics -- Ethnicity: identity and separatism in the USSR 1917-1991 -- Central state policies and separatism -- Framing: manipulating mass opinion in Ukraine and Uzbekistan -- Institutionally mediated interests: the political economy of secessionism -- Ethnicity and international integration: the CIS 1991-2007 -- Quantitative evidence: micro-, macro- and multilevel -- Toward a general theory of ethnic conflict and solutions.