This paper assesses the risks and implications of drawdown and withdrawal for some of the Iraqis in greatest danger: (1) populations whose vulnerability to violence will increase specifically because of the U.S. drawdown and (2) Iraq's displaced population, both within Iraq and in neighboring states. It also forwards recommendations for U.S. policymakers for mitigating the problems we identify or anticipate.

Introduction -- Vulnerable populations -- Risks and implications of drawdown -- Current policy responses -- U.S. affiliated Iraqis -- Other groups at risk -- Displacement and U.S. drawdown and withdrawal -- Risks and implications of drawdown -- Violence -- Underdevelopment and long-term insecurity in Iraq -- Regional implications -- Impact on U.S. interests -- Conclusions: Mitigating risks and recommendations for U.S. government action -- Lowering the risk of violence -- Making resettlement outside of Iraq viable for those who need it -- Enabling those in immediate danger to reach safety -- Treating displacement and its effects as a regional issue -- Supporting sustainable and effective development.