The concept of "reform" -- What reform do we mean? -- Imam ash-Shâfi'î : the deductive approach -- The Hanafî school : the inductive approach -- The school of Maqâsid : the higher objectives of law -- A synthesis -- Determining the sources of Islamic law and jurisprudence -- The context (al-Wâqi) as a source of law -- The growing complexity of the real -- Elaborating an applied Islamic ethics -- Islamic ethics and medical sciences -- Culture and the arts -- Women : traditions and liberation -- Ecology and economy -- Society, education, and power -- Ethics and universals.