An institutional approach to the politics of western Muslim minorities -- Western Muslims and established state-religion relations -- Claiming space in America's pluralism : Muslims enter the political maelstrom -- The practice of their faith : Muslims and the state in Britain, France, and Germany -- Religion, Muslims, and the state in Britain and France, from Westphalia to 9/11 -- Western Muslims and political institutions -- Muslim underrepresentation in American politics -- Muslims representing Muslims in Europe : parties and associations after 9/11 -- Muslims in UK institutions : effective representation or tokenism? -- Institutional underpinnings of perceptions of western Muslims -- How Europe and its Muslim populations see each other -- Public opinion toward Muslim Americans : civil liberties and the role of religiosity, ideology, and media use -- The racialization of Muslim Americans -- Western Muslims, civil rights, and legal institutions -- Canadian national security policy and Canadian Muslim communities -- Counterterrorism and the civil rights of Muslim minorities in the European Union -- The preventive paradigm and the rule of law : how not to fight terrorism -- Recommendations for western policy makers and Muslim organizations.