By the fifteenth century Europe was a driving world force, but the origins of its success have until now remained obscured in prehistory. In this book, distinguished archaeologist Barry Cunliffe views Europe not in terms of states and shifting political land boundaries but as a geographical niche particularly favored in facing many seas. These seas, and Europe's great transpeninsular rivers, ensured a rich diversity of natural resources while also encouraging the dynamic interaction of peoples across networks of communication and exchange. The development of these early Europeans is rooted in complex interplays, shifting balances, and geographic and demographic fluidity.

Ways of seeing : space, time, and people -- The land between the oceans -- Food for the gathering -- The first farmers : from the fertile crescent to the Danube Valley, 7500-5000 BC -- Assimilation in the maritime regions, 6000-3800 BC -- Europe in her infinite variety, c.4500-2800 BC -- Taking to the sea : crossing the peninsula, 2800-1300 BC -- Emerging Eurozones, 1300-800 BC -- The three hundred years that changed the world, 800-500 BC -- States in collision, 500-140 BC -- The interlude of empire, 140 BC-AD 300 -- The turn of the tide, AD 300-800 -- Europe rebalanced, A D 800-1000 -- The longue durée.