Introduction -- Illinois militia revival in the 1870s -- Manhood and citizenship on display -- Confused missions: the first twenty years of strike duty, 1870-90 -- New training practices, drill competitions, and the rise of sharpshooting -- Death, manhood, and service in the Spanish American war -- Lessons learned: the ING and strike duty, 1894-1916 -- The pursuit of state and federal support -- Appendixes.