Part I. Introduction --The challenge to NATO / James R. Golden -- The foundations of NATO : a personal memoir / Andrew J. Goodpaster -- Part II. Change and continuity in the Atlantic Alliance : political and economic forces -- The political and economic evolution of NATO's central region / Ian Smart -- Northern Europe : the politics and economics of coalition defense / Paul M. Cole and William J. Taylor, Jr. -- Continuity and change in the Southern region of the Atlantic Alliance / Douglas T. Stuart -- Part III. Change and continuity in the Atlantic Alliance : military and technological forces -- The strategic realm / Gregory F. Treverton -- The operational realm / Philip A. Karber and A. Grant Whitley -- Part IV. Enduring issues confronting the Alliance -- NATO and some lessons of history / David P. Calleo -- The enduring dilemmas of the Atlantic Alliance / Josef Joffe -- Alliance nuclear doctrine and conventional deterrence : predictive uncertainty and policy confidence / Ricard K. Betts -- Part V. Alternative visions of the future -- Political and economic alternatives for the future of the Atlantic Alliance / Eliot A. Cohen -- Surviving forty : toward a robust NATO conventional defense / Richard L. Kugler -- The implication of NATO as a regional alliance / Zbigniew Brzezinski -- NATO-the challenge of the future / Peter Carrington.