Introduction / S. Frederick Starr -- Political and cultural history of the Xinjiang region through the late 19th century / James A. Milward and Peter C. Perdue -- Political history and strategies of control, 1884-1978 / James A. Milward and Nabijan Tursun -- The Chinese program of development and control, 1978-2001 / Dru C. Gladney -- The great wall of steel: military and strategy in Xinjiang / Yitzhak Shichor -- The economy of Xinjiang Call Wiemer -- Education and social mobility among minority populations in Xinjiang / Linda Benson -- A "land of borderlands": implications of Xinjiang's trans-border interactions / Sean R. Roberts -- The demography of Xinjiang / Stanley W. Toops -- The ecology of Xinjiang: a focus on water / Stanley W. Toops -- Public health and social pathologies in Xinjiang / Jay Dautcher -- Acculturation and resistance: Xinjiang identities in flux / Justin Rudelson and Jonathan N. Lipman -- Islam in Xinjiang / Graham E. Fuller and Jonathan N. Lipman -- Contested histories / Gardner Bovingdon, with contributions by Nabijan Tursun -- Respnses to Chinese rule: patterns of cooperation and opposition / Dr C. Gladney.