The black-white test score gap : an introduction / Christopher Jencks and Meredith Phillips -- Test bias, heredity, and home environment. Racial bias in testing / Christopher Jencks -- Race, genetics, and IQ / Richard E. Nisbett -- Family background, parenting practices, and the black-white test score gap / Meredith Phillips, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Greg J. Duncan, Pamela Klebanov, and Jonathan Crane -- How and why the gap has changed. Black-white test score convergence since 1965 / Larry V. Hedges and Amy Nowell -- Why did the black-white score gap narrow in the 1970s and 1980s? / David Grissmer, Ann Flanagan, and Stephanie Williamson -- The impact of schools and culture. Does the black-white test score gap widen after children enter school? / Meredith Phillips, James Crouse, and John Ralph -- Teachers' perceptions and expectations and the black-white test score gap / Ronald F. Ferguson -- Can schools narrow the black-white test score gap? / Ronald F. Ferguson -- The burden of "acting white" : do black adolescents disparage academic achievement? / Philip J. Cook and Jens Ludwig -- Stereotype threat and the test performance of academically successful African Americans / Claude M. Steele and Joshua Aronson --Do test scores matter? Racial and ethnic preferences in college Admissions / Thomas J. Kane --Scholastic aptitude test scores, race, and academic performance in selective colleges and universities / Fredrick E. Vars and William G. Bowen -- Basic skills and the black-white earnings gap / William R. Johnson and Derek Neal -- Commentary. The role of the environment in the black-white test score gap / William Julius Wilson.