Responding to 9/11 -- Their liberty, our security: an overview -- The disappeared -- Ethnic profiling -- Patriots and enemies : redefining terrorism -- Targeting citizens -- History lessons -- Crossing the citizen-noncitizen divide : an overview -- Enemy aliens and enemy races -- Alien radicals and radical citizens : from anarchism to sedition -- "The course of least resistance" : J. Edgar Hoover's first job and the Palmer Raids of 1919-20 -- The second Red Scare : targeting radical citizens -- Extending the boundaries : from Martin Luther King, Jr., to Watergate -- From communism to terrorism : lessons of a young lawyer -- Security -- Legitimacy and double standards -- The right thing to do -- The Bill of Rights as human rights -- Conclusion: breaking the cycle.