Rev., updated ed. of: Roots of revolution. 1981. Persian Farsi collection. Rev., updated ed. of: Roots of revolution. 1981.

Religion and society to 1800 -- Foundations of nineteenth-century Iran -- Continuity and change under the Qajars: 1796-1890 -- Protest and revolution: 1890-1914 -- War and Reza Shah: 1914-1941 -- World War II and Mosaddeq: 1941-1953 -- Royal dictatorship: 1953-1977 -- Modern Iranian political thought -- The revolution -- Politics and economics under Khomeini: 1979-1989 -- Politics and economics in post-Khomeini Iran -- Society, gender, culture, and intellectual life -- Conclusion.