In a hypothetical warfare situation, Newmark calls upon various experts in the history of chemical warfare, concentrating on World War I and the Iran-Iraq war. Since there are ethical considerations in experimentation in this area, responders to chemical emergencies must rely on the lessons learned from past experiences.

"Month of August 2003, tape 29"--Label. Approved for a maximum of 2 hr. in category 1 credit toward the AMA Physician's Recognition Award, and 2.4 contact hr. of nursing CE credit.